【区人民医院】“服务百姓健康行动”大型义诊活动健康科普（一）---肺癌患者饮食健康指导
<p><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tplid="98138" data-tools="135编辑器"><section><section><section><section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99699"><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99777"><section><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99502"><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="100050"><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99819"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;border-top-left-radius: 10px;border-top-right-radius: 10px;"><section style="width: 15px;align-self: center;"><img data-ratio="1.0588235294117647" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/iaJ2XgbCCkVkeiawSwFINtlhDoqMKRnGqROoMPwgprnwD4ShMKNsttIic6L5BhBAhoDjF1D9IEaYVOcUam57FpDVg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="17" data-width="100%" style="width: 100%;display: block;"/></section><section style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-weight: bold;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="color: rgb(28, 114, 49);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 114, 49);font-size: 20px;">肺癌患者的饮食吃什么？</span></span></section><section style="width: 13px;align-self: center;"><img data-ratio="1.0588235294117647" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/iaJ2XgbCCkVkeiawSwFINtlhDoqMKRnGqROoMPwgprnwD4ShMKNsttIic6L5BhBAhoDjF1D9IEaYVOcUam57FpDVg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="17" data-width="100%" style="width: 100%;display: block;"/></section></section></section><section style="height: 13px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 100%;margin-top: -7px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br/></section><section style="background: #fff4ea;padding: 1em;"><section style="background: #fff;padding: 10px;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">肺癌，中国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。其中半数以上肺癌患者都会面临营养不良的问题。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97789"><section style="margin:10px auto;text-align: center;"><section style="width: 45px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/7QRTvkK2qC6nNyjd9QeAUdlJnqcbr4YsiaJBYGWoeEEFUicUo1STkXfMNjmDrdbO9Jf04Q6luKiaYAyjTWMQuofCg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="200" style="width:45px;display:block;"/></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;" hm_fix="366:475"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 114, 49);font-size: 18px;">一、肺癌患者营养不良的几率高吗？</span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;">中度、重度营养不良发生率为57%，与肿瘤患者组织代谢率高，能量消耗较正常人增多有关。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">二、常用的营养不良标准有哪些？</span></strong></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">参考下面两种方法，符合其中一种即为营养不良</span></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">方法一：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BMI≤18.5kg/㎡</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BMI（体质指数）=体重（kg）÷身高（m）²</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">方法二：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">非意向性的体重下降（譬如减肥是意向性的）</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">体重在任意时间内较平常减轻＞10%或3个月内较平常减轻＞5% </span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">低BMI或低去脂体重</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">低BMI：70岁以下＜20kg/㎡；<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 2px;">70岁以上＜22kg/㎡</span></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">低去脂体重：女性＜15kg/㎡；<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 2px;">男性＜17kg/㎡</span></span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">无营养不良的患者可能仍具有营养风险，如果忽视，可能会影响到疾病的发展和结局。</span></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">营养风险筛查：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">医生、护士、营养师等专业人员采用合适的营养风险筛查工具进行，对营养风险高的患者需进行营养干预或营养支持疗法</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">三、肺癌患者营养不良有何风险？</span></strong></span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">肺部感染、菌血症、皮肤感染、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭等并发症发生率增加3倍。在抗肿瘤治疗之前 进行营养风险评估当存在营养不足或有营养风险时营养治疗计划与抗肿瘤治疗同步。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">四、肺癌化疗患者的营养治疗重要吗？</span></strong></span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">化疗可能引起明显的毒性反应：恶心呕吐、腹胀、便秘、腹泻、消化道粘膜损伤，由于患者食欲减退，加重机体营养不良降低患者对化疗的耐受程度进而影响机体中性粒细胞水平，导致患者无法完成化疗计划，影响抗肿瘤治疗效果。所以应早期进行个体化营养风险评估及干预。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">五、肺癌患者营养支持治疗的目标是：</span></strong></span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1、预防和治疗营养不良或恶病质；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2、降低抗肿瘤治疗计划中断的风险；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3、减轻化疗的副反应；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4、改善生活质量。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">六、营养干预的手段包括哪些？</span></strong></span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">除膳食营养指导，还包括：</span></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.肠内营养（首选）：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">经消化道给予营养素：口服、放置鼻胃管、放置鼻肠管、经皮肤行胃造口、针对不同疾病或不同胃肠道耐受情况选择不同肠内营养制剂。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">优点：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">符合生理状态、保护肠道菌群、感染风险低、给药方便。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.肠外营养：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">经静脉给予营养素</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">优点：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">快速改善营养状况、改善蛋白质能量平衡。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">缺点：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">影响肠道免疫功能、易发生高血糖、易引起肝脏损害、费用高。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>什么时候适用？</strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">一般用于不能经口或肠内进食，或一周内经口或肠内无法达目标量的患者。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">七、对无营养风险的肺癌化疗患者是否需要营养治疗？</span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">答案是：不推荐！</span></strong></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">每次化疗前需对患者重新进行筛查、评估，根据需要及时进行营养治疗。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">八、肺癌有传染性吗？</span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;">答案是：没有！肺癌没有传染性。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;"></span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 18px;">与肺癌患者一起进食、接触不会通过消化道、呼吸道传染。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">九、冬虫夏草、灵芝孢子粉有抗肿瘤效果吗？</span></strong></span></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">国内外尚无充足的循证医学证据证实冬虫夏草、灵芝孢子粉的抗肿瘤作用及机制。</span></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应优先满足基本能量需求，营养均衡。</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">十、化疗常见不良反应的防治</span></strong></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1、恶心、呕吐：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">宜进食容易消化的清淡饮食，忌油腻、有强烈刺激气味的饮食；咸味、酸味比甜味容易接受；温凉比热的容易接受；少食多餐，避免长时间空腹；可以干稀分开进食，进食后不要立刻平卧；姜、薄荷有助于抑制呕吐；保持室内通风，安排好服药和进食的时间。</span></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">食欲差？</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">可在医生指导下使用药物，如甲地孕酮，可增加食欲，改善患者情绪。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2、便秘：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进食富含纤维素的食物（蔬菜、水果、全谷类、麸皮、红豆、绿豆、香蕉、含渣的果菜汁）；适度运动，腹部按摩。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3、腹胀：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">宜多进食萝卜、山楂、韭菜、大豆、莲藕、茴香……等。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4、腹泻：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">少渣，减少麦麸、坚果、粗糙蔬菜；减少膳食中的脂肪；酸奶代替牛奶。多选择苹果泥、胡萝卜泥等富含果胶的食物。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5、白细胞降低：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">宜多进食香菇、红枣、花生、鱼类、奶类、瘦肉、动物脂肪、蛋类等。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><br/></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6、血小板降低：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">宜多进食木瓜、石榴、花生、瘦肉、鱼类、南瓜等富含维生素C蔬菜。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7、缺铁性贫血：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">富含铁食物+富含维生素C食物。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">富含铁食物：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如动物肝脏、动物血……等。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">富含维生素C食物：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">促进铁吸收， 如西红柿、猕猴桃、胡萝卜、橘子、柚子……等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（必要时在医生指导下使用铁剂）。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8、低钾血症：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">富含钾水果：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">香蕉、橘子、大枣、猕猴桃等。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">富含钾食物：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">海带、紫菜、豆类、莲子、蘑菇等</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9、低白蛋白血症：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在保证能量摄入充足的前提下，进食富含蛋白食物：鱼、虾、蛋清、奶、大豆、蛋白粉等。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10.血糖升高：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">肺癌患者存在糖代谢紊乱，与肿瘤的异位激素分泌和化疗期间内分泌激素变化有关，部分化疗方案使用激素防治化疗副作用的同时，可能引起血糖明显升高，（应听从专业营养师或医师的膳食建议）。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11.口腔溃疡：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">避免酒、碳酸饮料、酸味强、调味太浓、腌制、温度过高或粗糙生硬的食物；细嚼慢咽；利用吸管吸允液体食物；严重时留置胃管。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12.免疫力降低：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">适当增加维生素和矿物质的摄入，防止机会性感染，保持肺部和胃肠道的正常免疫功能。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">维生素C：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">蔬菜、柑橘类水果、西红柿和土豆等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B族维生素：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">土豆、肉类、玉米、谷类、坚果、西兰花和绿叶蔬菜等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">维生素A：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">肝脏、蛋黄、奶类、黄绿色蔬菜和水果等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">维生素E：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">绿叶蔬菜、植物油、花生、蛋黄等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">矿物质：</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>硒</strong> 全谷物及高蛋白食物；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">锌</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 肉、鱼、贝壳类、全麦谷物、玉米、豆类、花生、牛奶和乳制品等；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">w-3脂肪酸</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 凤尾鱼、鲱鱼、鲑鱼、鯥鱼等。 </span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">13.失眠：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">多进食杏仁、核桃、酸樱桃，巴西坚果、绿叶蔬菜可能有助于改善睡眠质量。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">14.恶病质肿瘤患者的营养治疗</span></strong></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99816"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);width: 6%;overflow: hidden;" data-width="6%"><br/></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 4px 1em;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);">目标：维持体重</span></strong></section><section style="height: 15px;background: rgb(255, 152, 112);flex: 1 1 0%;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;margin-top: 8px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">供应量过高：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">可能增加脏器负荷；</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">低热量摄入：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">有利于减少感染性并发症；</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">需考虑总能量摄入，及供能营养素比例。</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99389"><section style="width: 35px;margin: 10px auto;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="99870"><section><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 121, 0);padding: 4px;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 121, 0);padding: 1em;"><section style="text-align: center;" hm_fix="313:431"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 1em;padding-bottom: 4px;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(227, 121, 0);text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);"><strong>肿瘤科咨询地址：</strong></span></section><section style="height: 12px;width: 100%;background: rgb(250, 227, 25);margin-top: -13px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br/></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(41, 41, 41);"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">永川区人民医院</span></strong></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(41, 41, 41);"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">住院部23楼、门诊2楼</span></strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 1em;padding-bottom: 4px;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(227, 121, 0);text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(28, 114, 49);"><strong>咨询电话：</strong></span></section><section style="height: 12px;width: 100%;background: rgb(250, 227, 25);margin-top: -13px;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><span style="color: rgb(41, 41, 41);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: justify;"></span><br/></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(41, 41, 41);"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>81106363</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="paragraph"><hr style="border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"/><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;">1</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 27.2px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="426" data-ratio="0.7315010570824524" data-s="300,640" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oAEuywricUR5gOJhZ7RRDibGDBtCbzh6Q6um3vMzXaukv88ns2Q9wjBNaWViacXZMjKoWx6iaECI3PpOSbvfSC747A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="946" style="background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"/></p></section></section></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.yongchuantong.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v133_O49" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 一入永川通深似水，从此节操是路人 看起来不错
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