提醒丨诺如病毒高发季,预防知识早知道!
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style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒相关知识</span></section></section><section style="margin-top: 2px;margin-left: 20px;border-bottom: 2px dashed rgb(112, 169, 248);flex: 1 1 0%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section><section data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">冬季即将来临,又到了诺如病毒胃肠炎的高发季节。由于呕吐是诺如病毒胃肠炎最常见症状,所以该病又被称为“冬季呕吐病”。诺如病毒急性胃肠炎是如何传播?感染后又有哪些临床表现?又该如何预防?下面,小育给大家普及一下相关知识:</span></p></section></section></section><p></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97150" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 55px;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK2Ut66gZ181iaGWFJaFibibCP2DT4e78Fe2qT8vT1Y5nUpTSupyvVYyiaOYg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="66" data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;display: block;"/></section><section style="margin-top: -30px;padding: 2em 1em 1em;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(110, 168, 248);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="margin-top: 10px;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">什么是诺如病毒?</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒是一种非常常见的RNA病毒,是引起全球人急性胃肠炎暴发流行的最主要病原,95%以上的病毒性胃肠炎都是由诺如病毒引起。该病毒具有潜伏期短、变异快、环境抵抗力强、传播途径多样、感染剂量低的特点,很容易在人群间造成传播。人体感染诺如病毒后产生的免疫保护持续时间短,同一个人可重复感染同一毒株或不同型别的诺如病毒。诺如病毒感染全年均可发生,10月到次年3月是诺如病毒流行的高发季节。每隔 2-3 年还可出现引起全球流行的诺如病毒新变异株。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒感染主要症状有哪些?</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒感染的潜伏期通常为1-2天。诺如病毒胃肠炎一般以轻症为主,最常见症状是呕吐和腹泻,其次为恶心、腹痛、头痛、发热、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等。成人和儿童诺如病毒急性胃肠炎症状有所区别,儿童以呕吐为主,成人则腹泻居多。诺如病毒胃肠炎一般为急性起病,属于自限性疾病,多数患者发病后2-3天即可康复。但对于婴幼儿、老人,特别是伴有基础性疾病的老人,诺如病毒胃肠炎可导致脱水等较严重的症状。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section hm_fix="221:499" style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">哪些途径易感染诺如病毒?</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒是一种传染性很强的病毒,主要通过粪-口途径传播,接触被诺如病毒污染的物品或食用被诺如病毒污染的食物(水)等都可导致感染。诺如病毒胃肠炎患者的粪便和呕吐物中含有大量的病毒,处置不当很容易造成感染,包括摄入患者粪便或呕吐物产生的气溶胶,或者摄入粪便或呕吐物污染的食物或水,以及间接接触被粪便或呕吐物污染的环境物体表面都可能感染诺如病毒。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><section style="line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 0em;line-height: normal;"><br/></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="311:496" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒胃肠炎应如何治疗?</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诺如病毒胃肠炎患者不需服用抗生素,而应及时补充水分以防止脱水。服用口服补液盐(ORS)能帮助患者补充水分和平衡电解质。呕吐或腹泻症状严重时应及时就医。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="334:489" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">如何预防诺如病毒感染?</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">目前,针对诺如病毒尚无特异的抗病毒药和疫苗,其预防控制主要采用非药物性预防措施。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">1.保持良好的手卫生是预防诺如病毒感染和控制诺如病毒传播最重要和最有效的措施。饭前便后应按照6步洗手法正确洗手,用肥皂和流动水至少洗20秒。需要注意的是,消毒纸巾和免冲洗的手消毒液不能代替洗手(按标准程序)。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">2.如果家人感染诺如病毒,患病家人应尽量不要和其他健康的家人近距离接触,尤其不要去做饭或照顾老人和婴幼儿。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">3.认真清洗水果和蔬菜,正确烹饪食物,尤其是食用贝类海鲜等高风险感染诺如病毒的食品应保证彻底煮熟。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">4. 诺如病毒胃肠炎病人患病期间最好居家主动隔离至症状完全消失后又2天(因为症状完全消失后患者还有少量排毒),避免传染给其他人,尤其是从事服务行业人员和集体机构人员,如厨师、护工、学校和幼儿园教师。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">5.发生诺如病毒胃肠炎聚集性或暴发疫情时,应做好全面消毒工作,重点对被患者呕吐物、粪便等污染物污染的环境物体表面、生活用品、食品加工工具、生活饮用水等进行消毒,最常用的是含氯消毒剂。有效氯浓度为5000mg/L~10000mg/L。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97151" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 45px;transform: rotate(0deg);"><img data-ratio="0.922077922077922" src="http://www.yongchuantong.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YUyZ7AOL3onWl7HutUicn4iaJ9r2icpgrK241wUXjia3qrtqxd02VR6H2SlkQsiblxek7mbs0abzymQW9A8iaBOEVyDA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="77" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 45px;display: block;"/></section><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(110, 168, 248);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 4px 1.5em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">防控建议</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一、进一步做好诺如病毒感染的健康宣教工作,提高师生的诺如病毒防控意识,倡导良好的卫生习惯和饮食习惯,倡导学生积极锻炼身体,提高免疫力;充分利用宣传单/宣传栏、电视、网络、手机短信、微信等多种方式,开展诺如病毒感染防控知识的宣传。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">二、加强诺如病毒高发场所的暴发处置培训,对幼儿园进行呕吐物和环境消毒方法培训。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">三、幼儿园要切实落实晨午检和因病缺课登记制度,在疾控机构的指导下加强对老师、医务和保洁人员的培训;发现疑似病例要及早通知监护人实施居家隔离治疗,并对密切接触者进行观察,病例症状消失72小时后方可返校。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">四、幼儿园的环境督导,以及饮水、食品卫生管理。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">五、加强与卫生部门、卫生监督、食品药品监督管理局等部门沟通与协调,及时通报工作信息,共同制定防控方案,各司其职,提高防控效果。</span></p></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;align-items: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;border-radius: 100%;background: rgb(140, 185, 249);overflow: hidden;"><br/></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;width: 10px;height: 10px;border-radius: 100%;background: rgb(140, 185, 249);overflow: hidden;"><br/></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;border-radius: 100%;background: rgb(140, 185, 249);overflow: hidden;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></p></section><section style="line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">来源丨中国疾控中心、市教委体卫艺处</span></section></section></section><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.yongchuantong.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v133_v4b" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 世界太危险,病毒太多了学习一下了
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